UPSC Prelims 2026 Question Paper
Explore the complete solved question paper for UPSC Prelims 2026 featuring 100 solved questions with bilingual (English & Hindi) explanations, official answer key, and subject weightage breakdown.
Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India ?
- Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
- T-90 MK-III Tanks
- Akula Class Submarine
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Su-30 MKI fighter jets are manufactured in India by HAL under a technology-transfer agreement, while T-90 Mk-III (Bhishma) tanks are produced in India at the Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi.
Statement 3 is incorrect because Akula-class submarines are designed and built in Russia. India has only leased these submarines and does not manufacture them.
Therefore, Option A (1 and 2) is correct.
India follows a policy of defence indigenisation, promoting domestic production of military equipment through technology transfer, licensed manufacturing, and indigenous development. This supports self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative in the defence sector.
Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India:
- It aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities.
- This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India's strategic autonomy.
- One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
All three statements are correct. Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a proposed integrated security initiative aimed at strengthening India's air defence, ballistic missile defence, and offensive capabilities.
It incorporates advanced technologies to enable rapid and precise responses while promoting strategic autonomy. The mission also envisions extending a nationwide security shield to public places across India by 2035.
Therefore, Option A (1, 2 and 3) is correct.
Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a long-term defence modernization initiative focused on creating a layered security architecture using indigenous technologies. It integrates air defence systems, missile defence, AI-enabled surveillance, space-based monitoring, and advanced weapons to enhance national security.
Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi :
- The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras : People, Planning, and Progress.
- The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws.
- The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Detailed Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect. The AI Impact Summit 2026 was based on the three Sutras of People, Planet, and Progress, not People, Planning, and Progress. Also, the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI was introduced as a voluntary, non-binding framework, not a binding one.
Statement 3 is correct. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was organized around seven Chakras (Pillars), including Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.
Therefore, Option D (3 only) is correct.
The AI Impact Summit 2026 focused on promoting inclusive, responsible, and human-centric AI development. The New Delhi Declaration emphasized equitable access to AI resources, innovation, trust, safety, and global cooperation while respecting national priorities.
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Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct ?
Detailed Explanation:
The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928), led by Vallabhbhai Patel, was launched against a 22% increase in land revenue imposed by the British government in Gujarat.
The Eka Movement (1921–22), led by Madari Pasi, was a peasant protest in Awadh against excessive rents, illegal cesses, and exploitation by landlords and contractors.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
| The Eka Movement was part of the wider peasant unrest in Awadh and focused on reducing rent burdens and ending landlord oppression. |
| The Bardoli Satyagraha became a landmark non-violent movement and earned Vallabhbhai Patel the title "Sardar" due to his successful leadership. |
The artificially fixed rupee-sterling exchange rate prescribed by the Hilton-Young Commission (1926) was adopted by the British Government for which one of the following reasons ?
Detailed Explanation:
The Hilton-Young Commission (1926) recommended fixing the rupee-sterling exchange rate at an artificially high level of 1s 6d per rupee.
The British government adopted this rate mainly to facilitate the payment of Home Charges (administrative expenses, pensions, debt payments, etc.) to Britain and to maintain India's financial credibility in London.
Therefore, Option A is correct.
| Home Charges were the payments made by colonial India to Britain for administrative costs, military expenses, pensions, and interest on debt. An artificially strong rupee reduced the number of rupees needed to buy sterling, making these remittances easier for the colonial government. This policy, however, hurt Indian exporters by making their goods costlier abroad. |
Consider the following assertion :
The genesis of political alliances based on community lay in the very nature of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919.
Which of the following statements support/supports the above assertion ?
- Reforms retained and extended the principle of separate electorates.
- Separate electorates were supposed to counter Indian nationalism, which was growing stronger.
- Deprived classes rallied around the favours inherent in separate electorates.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
All three statements support the assertion. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) retained and expanded separate electorates to several communities, encouraging politics based on communal identities.
The British used this system as a divide-and-rule strategy to weaken the growing nationalist movement. It also encouraged various communities and deprived groups to organize politically to secure representation and benefits.
Therefore, Option D (1, 2 and 3) is correct.
| Separate Electorates meant that members of a particular community could vote only for candidates from their own community. First introduced for Muslims in 1909, the system was expanded in 1919 and contributed to the growth of communal politics in India. |
Consider the following statements regarding the British policy in Awadh immediately after its annexation in 1856 :
- The taluqdars were dispossessed of their estates but allowed to retain their arms and forts.
- A Summary Revenue Settlement was made in 1856 assuming that the taluqdars were outsiders.
- The British believed in taking revenue directly from the peasants by removing the taluqdars.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Incorrect. Prior to annexation, Awadh's taluqdars maintained private armies and forts. After the British takeover in 1856, they were not merely dispossessed — they were also disarmed and their forts completely destroyed. The statement wrongly claims they were "allowed to retain their arms and forts."
Statement 2 — Correct. The first British land revenue settlement in Awadh was the Summary Settlement of 1856, explicitly based on the assumption that taluqdars were "interlopers" (outsiders/intruders) who had no permanent or hereditary stakes in the land — allegedly having seized control through force and fraud.
Statement 3 — Correct. The primary objective of the Summary Settlement was to bypass the taluqdars entirely and settle land revenue directly with the actual cultivators (peasants/ryots). British land revenue officers believed this would:
- Reduce peasant exploitation
- Increase state revenue streams
Key Connection: The dispossession and humiliation of taluqdars under this policy was one of the major causes of the 1857 Revolt — they joined the rebellion en masse to reclaim their lost estates and honour.
Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of the Forward Bloc by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939 ?
- Bose failed to win the confidence of Mahatma Gandhi.
- The Congress Left was disunited and failed to support Bose.
- The Communists did not support Bose in his endeavours.
- The supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan preferred Congress unity to supporting Bose.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Correct. After Bose's re-election as INC President in 1939, Gandhi declared the defeat of his candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya as his own personal defeat — clearly indicating his lack of confidence in Bose. This irreconcilable difference made Bose's continuation within the mainstream Congress untenable.
Statement 2 — Correct. The Congress Left was deeply fragmented during the Tripuri Crisis. The Congress Socialist Party, Communists, and Royists failed to present a united front behind Bose — leaving him politically isolated despite being the elected President.
Statement 3 — Incorrect. While Communists did not actively support Bose's radical approach, this was not a direct factor in the formation of the Forward Bloc. Their stance was primarily about maintaining Congress unity under Gandhi rather than directly opposing Bose's endeavours.
Statement 4 — Correct. Supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan chose Congress unity over supporting Bose. They abstained from voting on the Govind Ballabh Pant resolution — effectively withdrawing support from Bose to prevent a split in the Congress.
Key Takeaway: The Forward Bloc (1939) was born out of Bose's political isolation — abandoned by Gandhi, the Congress Left, and socialist groups who all prioritised organisational unity over ideological alignment with Bose.
Which of the following countries are members of the European Union ?
- Belarus
- Poland
- Germany
- Switzerland
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Incorrect (Belarus) Belarus is an Eastern European country that is not an EU member. It maintains close political and economic ties with Russia and has never formally applied for EU membership.
Statement 2 — Correct (Poland) Poland is a full EU member state, having joined during the major eastward expansion of May 2004.
Statement 3 — Correct (Germany) Germany is a full EU member state and one of the original six founding members of the EU's predecessor — the European Economic Community (EEC), established in 1957 (Treaty of Rome).
Statement 4 — Incorrect (Switzerland) Switzerland is not an EU member. Despite being geographically surrounded by the EU, it:
- Participates in the EU Single Market and Schengen Area via bilateral treaties
- Maintains historic neutrality
- Is a member of EFTA (European Free Trade Association) instead
Quick Memory Aid:
| Country | EU Member? | Key Fact |
|---|---|---|
| Belarus | ❌ No | Close ties with Russia |
| Poland | ✅ Yes | Joined 2004 |
| Germany | ✅ Yes | Founding member 1957 |
| Switzerland | ❌ No | EFTA member, neutral |
The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany visited India in January, 2026. Which of the following is/are not correct in terms of outcomes of this visit ?
- Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the University of Hamburg
- Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Youth Hockey Development between Hockey India and the German Hockey Federation
- Establishment of a bilateral dialogue mechanism on the Indo-Pacific
- Opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany in Lucknow
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — NOT Correct ✗ No MoU was signed between the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the University of Hamburg. During the visit, cooperation in traditional medicine was agreed upon between Gujarat Ayurveda University and German institutions. A prior MoU (late 2025) had been signed between AIIA and Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin — not Hamburg.
Statement 2 — Correct ✓ An MoU on Youth Hockey Development was officially signed between Hockey India and the German Hockey Federation — this outcome did take place.
Statement 3 — Correct ✓ The two nations announced the establishment of a new bilateral dialogue mechanism on the Indo-Pacific, alongside a Track 1.5 Foreign Policy and Security Dialogue.
Statement 4 — NOT Correct ✗ Following the Chancellor's focus on Gujarat, Germany announced the appointment of an Honorary Consul in Ahmedabad — NOT Lucknow.
Quick Summary:
| Statement | Correct? | Key Error |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ❌ | Hamburg → should be Charité Berlin / Gujarat Ayurveda Univ. |
| 2 | ✅ | Hockey MoU — correctly stated |
| 3 | ✅ | Indo-Pacific dialogue — correctly stated |
| 4 | ❌ | Lucknow → should be Ahmedabad |
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists :
| List I (INTERPOL Notice) | List II (Description) |
|---|---|
| A. Silver Notice | 1. To seek information on unidentified bodies |
| B. Blue Notice | 2. To collect additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in relation to a criminal investigation |
| C. Black Notice | 3. To provide warning about a person's criminal activities, where the person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety |
| D. Green Notice | 4. To identify and trace criminal assets |
Detailed Explanation:
Correct Matching:
| INTERPOL Notice | Description | Match |
|---|---|---|
| A. Silver Notice | To identify, monitor & trace illicit criminal assets across international borders | 4 |
| B. Blue Notice | To collect additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in an ongoing criminal investigation | 2 |
| C. Black Notice | To seek information on unidentified bodies (forensic/humanitarian tool) | 1 |
| D. Green Notice | To warn about a person's criminal activities where the person is a possible threat to public safety | 3 |
Complete INTERPOL Notice Reference:
| Colour | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 🔴 Red | Request provisional arrest/extradition |
| 🔵 Blue | Collect info on a person |
| ⚫ Black | Identify unidentified bodies |
| 🟡 Yellow | Locate missing persons |
| 🟢 Green | Warn about dangerous criminals |
| 🟠 Orange | Warn of imminent threat (weapons/events) |
| 🟣 Purple | Warn about criminal methods/devices |
| ⚪ Silver | Trace criminal assets (recently introduced) |
Key Trick: Silver Notice is the newest addition — specifically designed for asset tracing, not person tracking.
Which of the following statements with regard to the Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments is/are correct?
- The tournaments have a shared governance structure establishing the partnership among the four Grand Slam tournaments.
- They are open for entry to all internationally ranked tennis players above the age of 14.
- There is a limitation on the number of 'Wild Cards' a player may receive to compete in a Grand Slam Tournament.
Select the answer using the code given below:
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Correct. The four Grand Slam tournaments (Australian Open, Roland-Garros, Wimbledon, and US Open) collaborate through a shared governance structure called the Grand Slam Board (GSB). It coordinates activities of mutual interest including:
- Maintaining the unified Grand Slam Rule Book
- Officiating standards
- Managing relationships with ATP, WTA, and ITF
Statement 2 — Incorrect. Entry is NOT open to all internationally ranked players above age 14. According to the Grand Slam Rule Book's "Open Competition" section, a player must have a ranking of 500 or better. Simply being internationally ranked and above 14 is insufficient.
Statement 3 — Incorrect. While each tournament draw has a fixed maximum number of wild card slots (e.g., 8 in a 128-player draw), the official Rule Book features a "No Limitation" clause — there is no restriction on how many wild cards a specific individual can be granted over time.
Key Tricks:
- Statement 2 traps: age criterion alone is not enough — ranking ≤ 500 is also required
- Statement 3 traps: confuses per-draw slot limit (fixed) with per-player lifetime limit (none)
Consider the following UN organisations/agencies :
- World Food Programme
- United Nations Children's Fund
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- International Labour Organisation
How many of the above has/have been awarded the Nobel Prize twice ?
Detailed Explanation:
The answer is UNHCR — the only organisation among the four to have won the Nobel Peace Prize twice.
| Organisation | Nobel Prize | Year(s) | Times |
|---|---|---|---|
| WFP | Nobel Peace Prize | 2020 | Once |
| UNICEF | Nobel Peace Prize | 1965 | Once |
| UNHCR | Nobel Peace Prize | 1954 & 1981 | Twice ✓ |
| ILO | Nobel Peace Prize | 1969 | Once |
Why UNHCR won twice:
- 1954 — Post-WWII refugee relief efforts
- 1981 — Ongoing work promoting fundamental rights of refugees globally
Key Point: All four organisations have won the Nobel Peace Prize, but only UNHCR has won it twice — making the answer 1.
Which of the following international conventions have not been ratified by India?
- Employment Policy Convention
- Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
- International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
- Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
- Convention on Reduction of Statelessness
Select the answer using the code given below:
Detailed Explanation:
Model Answer: Option 4 (3, 4 and 5)
(Note: Option D is correct by elimination as it is the only option containing both conventions 3 & 5 which are factually unratified)
Convention-wise Analysis:
| # | Convention | India's Status |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (ILO No. 122) | ✅ Ratified — 17 Nov 1998 |
| 2 | Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (ILO No. 105) | ✅ Ratified — 18 May 2000 |
| 3 | Convention on Rights of All Migrant Workers (1990) | ❌ Neither signed nor ratified |
| 4 | Geneva Convention IV — Protection of Civilians (1949) | ✅ Ratified — 9 Nov 1950; enacted via Geneva Conventions Act, 1960 |
| 5 | Convention on Reduction of Statelessness (1961) | ❌ Neither signed nor ratified |
Important Note on Statement 4: The question likely confused Geneva Convention IV (ratified by India) with the 1951 Refugee Convention (adopted in Geneva) — which India has NOT ratified. This is a classic question-setter error.
India's Key Non-Ratifications to Remember:
- 1951 Refugee Convention & its 1967 Protocol
- 1954 Convention on Statelessness
- 1961 Convention on Reduction of Statelessness
- 1990 Migrant Workers Convention
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists :
| List I (Project Supported by India) | List II (Country) |
|---|---|
| A. Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project | 1. Maldives |
| B. Restoration of Stor Palace | 2. Afghanistan |
| C. District Hospital at Dickoya | 3. Bhutan |
| D. Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies | 4. Sri Lanka |
Detailed Explanation:
Correct Matching:
| List I (Project) | List II (Country) | Key Details |
|---|---|---|
| A. Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project | 3. Bhutan | 720 MW run-of-river plant on Mangdechhu River; jointly inaugurated by India-Bhutan PMs in 2019 |
| B. Restoration of Stor Palace | 2. Afghanistan | Historic 19th-century palace in Kabul; restored by India with Aga Khan Trust for Culture; inaugurated 2016 |
| C. District Hospital at Dickoya | 4. Sri Lanka | 150-bed hospital in Hatton; Indian grant assistance for Indian-origin Tamil estate workers |
| D. Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies | 1. Maldives | Located in Addu City; now NCPLE; built entirely with Indian grant assistance |
Memory Aid:
- Bhutan → Power (Hydroelectric)
- Afghanistan → Palace (Stor/Storay)
- Sri Lanka → Hospital (Tamil workers)
- Maldives → Police/Law (Security Institute)
Consider the following statements about river bridges connecting India with neighbouring countries:
- 'Maitri Setu', built over Feni river, connects Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
- Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India with Myanmar.
- Mechi bridge and its approaches connect Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Incorrect. 'Maitri Setu' is built over the Feni River — but the direction is reversed. It connects Sabroom (Tripura, India) with Ramgarh (Bangladesh) — NOT Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
Statement 2 — Incorrect. Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India and Nepal — NOT Myanmar. It spans the Mahakali River (Sharda River in India) linking Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand with Baitadi district, Nepal.
Statement 3 — Correct. The Mechi Bridge connects Panitanki Bypass (West Bengal, India) with Kakarvitta (Nepal) over the Mechi River. It is a crucial cross-border trade link and the endpoint of Asian Highway 02 (AH02) in India.
Quick Reference Table:
| Bridge | River | Connects |
|---|---|---|
| Maitri Setu | Feni | Sabroom (India) ↔ Ramgarh (Bangladesh) |
| Jhulaghat | Mahakali/Sharda | Pithoragarh (India) ↔ Baitadi (Nepal) |
| Mechi Bridge | Mechi | Panitanki (India) ↔ Kakarvitta (Nepal) |
Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation :
- The 'Colombo Process' is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus.
- The 'Abu Dhabi Dialogue' is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility.
- The 'Global Forum for Migration and Development', created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Incorrect. The Colombo Process is a Regional Consultative Process comprising 12 Asian member states (primarily labour-origin countries). It operates as a voluntary forum where decisions are made by consensus — but they are strictly non-binding, not binding as claimed.
Statement 2 — Correct. The Abu Dhabi Dialogue (ADD) is a voluntary, non-binding inter-governmental consultative process (est. 2008) bringing together Asian labour origin and destination countries to facilitate regional cooperation on temporary contractual labour mobility for safe and orderly migration.
Statement 3 — Correct. The Global Forum for Migration and Development (GFMD) was established following a proposal by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the 2006 UN General Assembly High-Level Dialogue on Migration and Development. It is:
- State-led, voluntary, informal
- Non-binding in nature
- Operates outside the formal UN system
Key Trick: Statement 1 replaces "non-binding" with "binding" — a single-word trap that completely reverses the nature of the Colombo Process.
Which of the following connectivity projects is/are a part of cooperation between India and the ASEAN member countries ?
- Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
- IMT Trilateral Highway
- Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Correct. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project connects:
- Kolkata (India) → Sittwe seaport (Myanmar) by sea
- Sittwe → Mizoram (India) via river and road
Since Myanmar is an ASEAN member, this is a key India-ASEAN connectivity project under the Act East Policy.
Statement 2 — Correct. The India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway connects Moreh (India) with Mae Sot (Thailand) via Myanmar. Both Myanmar and Thailand are ASEAN members, making this a flagship India-ASEAN physical connectivity project.
Statement 3 — Incorrect. The Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line connects Agartala (Tripura, India) with Akhaura (Bangladesh). Since Bangladesh is NOT an ASEAN member (it is a member of SAARC and BIMSTEC), this falls under India-Bangladesh bilateral cooperation — not India-ASEAN cooperation.
Key Trick: Bangladesh is often confused with Southeast Asian connectivity — it is a SAARC/BIMSTEC member, not ASEAN.
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists :
| List I (UN Peacekeeping Operation) | List II (Period of Operation) |
|---|---|
| A. UNMIL | 1. 2007 - 2010 |
| B. MINURCAT | 2. 2002 - 2005 |
| C. MINUSTAH | 3. 2003 - 2018 |
| D. UNMISET | 4. 2004 - 2017 |
Detailed Explanation:
Correct Matching:
| Mission | Full Name | Location | Period | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. UNMIL | UN Mission in Liberia | Liberia | 2003–2018 | 3 |
| B. MINURCAT | UN Mission in Central African Republic & Chad | CAR & Chad | 2007–2010 | 1 |
| C. MINUSTAH | UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti | Haiti | 2004–2017 | 4 |
| D. UNMISET | UN Mission of Support in East Timor | Timor-Leste | 2002–2005 | 2 |
Key Context:
- UNMIL — Post Second Liberian Civil War ceasefire support
- MINURCAT — Spillover violence from Darfur conflict
- MINUSTAH — Post 2004 Haitian coup d'état; succeeded by MINUJUSTH
- UNMISET — Supported newly independent East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists :
| List I (BIMSTEC Centre/Establishment) | List II (Location) |
|---|---|
| A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory | 1. NOIDA |
| B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre | 2. Bengaluru |
| C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate | 3. Colombo |
| D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility | 4. Thimphu |
Detailed Explanation:
Correct Matching:
| Centre | Location | Host Institution | Key Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory | 4. Thimphu, Bhutan | — | MoU signed at 3rd BIMSTEC Summit (2014) |
| B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre | 2. Bengaluru, India | Central Power Research Institute | Coordinates regional energy cooperation & Grid Interconnection |
| C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate | 1. NOIDA, India | NCMRWF | Regional weather prediction & disaster preparedness |
| D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility | 3. Colombo, Sri Lanka | — | MoA signed at 5th BIMSTEC Summit (2022) |
Memory Aid:
- Culture → Bhutan (Thimphu — cultural heritage hub)
- Energy → Bengaluru (India's tech/power capital)
- Weather → NOIDA (NCMRWF headquarters)
- Technology Transfer → Colombo (Sri Lanka)
UPSC Prelims 2026 Questions Paper - Subject-wise Question Distribution
Science & Technology
19 Qs (19%)Indian Economy
18 Qs (18%)International Relations
11 Qs (11%)Ancient History
9 Qs (9%)Environment & Ecology
8 Qs (8%)Indian Polity
8 Qs (8%)Indian Art & Culture
7 Qs (7%)Indian Geography
5 Qs (5%)Modern History
5 Qs (5%)World Geography
4 Qs (4%)Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude
3 Qs (3%)Current Affairs
2 Qs (2%)Internal Security
1 Qs (1%)UPSC Prelims 2026 Question Paper - FAQs & Analysis
Q1 How many total questions were asked in UPSC Prelims 2026?
Q2 What is the subject-wise question breakdown for UPSC Prelims 2026?
- Science & Technology: 19 questions (19%)
- Indian Economy: 18 questions (18%)
- International Relations: 11 questions (11%)
- Ancient History: 9 questions (9%)
- Environment & Ecology: 8 questions (8%)
- Indian Polity: 8 questions (8%)
- Indian Art & Culture: 7 questions (7%)
- Indian Geography: 5 questions (5%)
- Modern History: 5 questions (5%)
- World Geography: 4 questions (4%)
- Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude: 3 questions (3%)
- Current Affairs: 2 questions (2%)
- Internal Security: 1 questions (1%)