UPSC CSE Prelims
Indigenous Defence Systems Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
Practice solved questions for Indigenous Defence Systems with detailed step-by-step solutions, key insights, and trend analysis for UPSC CSE PRELIMS.
Solved Previous Year Questions
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Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India:
- It aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities.
- This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India's strategic autonomy.
- One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
All three statements are correct. Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a proposed integrated security initiative aimed at strengthening India's air defence, ballistic missile defence, and offensive capabilities.
It incorporates advanced technologies to enable rapid and precise responses while promoting strategic autonomy. The mission also envisions extending a nationwide security shield to public places across India by 2035.
Therefore, Option A (1, 2 and 3) is correct.
Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a long-term defence modernization initiative focused on creating a layered security architecture using indigenous technologies. It integrates air defence systems, missile defence, AI-enabled surveillance, space-based monitoring, and advanced weapons to enhance national security.
Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India ?
- Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
- T-90 MK-III Tanks
- Akula Class Submarine
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Su-30 MKI fighter jets are manufactured in India by HAL under a technology-transfer agreement, while T-90 Mk-III (Bhishma) tanks are produced in India at the Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi.
Statement 3 is incorrect because Akula-class submarines are designed and built in Russia. India has only leased these submarines and does not manufacture them.
Therefore, Option A (1 and 2) is correct.
India follows a policy of defence indigenisation, promoting domestic production of military equipment through technology transfer, licensed manufacturing, and indigenous development. This supports self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative in the defence sector.
The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) recently introduced a national standard to test and assess bomb disposal system. Which of the following statements with regard to this system is/are correct ?
- The new standard is known as IS 19445 : 2025.
- It will improve interoperability of equipment across agencies.
- It was developed by TBRL, DRDO in collaboration with the 30th Central Scientific Research Institute, Russia.
Select the answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 — Correct. In December 2025, BIS notified India's first dedicated national standard for bomb disposal systems, officially designated as IS 19445:2025.
Statement 2 — Correct. The standard establishes comprehensive guidelines for evaluating bomb disposal equipment — including bomb blankets, baskets, and inhibitors — against blast loads and splinter effects. A key objective is to bring uniformity in testing and procurement, thereby improving safety, reliability, and interoperability across agencies such as Armed Forces, CAPFs, NSG, and State Police.
Statement 3 — Incorrect. The standard was developed indigenously by BIS at the request of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and DRDO's Terminal Ballistic Research Laboratory (TBRL). There is no collaboration with any Russian entity. In fact, the standard was specifically created to reduce reliance on foreign norms, as existing international standards were either restricted in access or misaligned with Indian operational realities.
Key Point: IS 19445:2025 is a landmark step in indigenisation of defence standards — developed entirely within India by BIS + DRDO/TBRL, not in collaboration with any foreign agency.
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Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — Torpedo launch and recovery vessel
INS Astradharini is India's first indigenously designed and built Torpedo Launch and Recovery Vessel (TLRV), commissioned in 2015 with 95% indigenous content.
It serves as a specialized platform for technical trials of underwater weapons like torpedoes and mines developed by NSTL, featuring a catamaran hull design for enhanced stability during weapon recovery operations.
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