UPSC CSE Prelims
Non-Cooperation Movement Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
Practice solved questions for Non-Cooperation Movement with detailed step-by-step solutions, key insights, and trend analysis for UPSC CSE PRELIMS.
Solved Previous Year Questions
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Who provided legal defence to the people arrested in the aftermath of Chauri Chaura incident?
Detailed Explanation:
The Chauri Chaura Incident (1922) led to the arrest of hundreds of people, many of whom were awarded severe punishments, including death sentences.
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Madan Mohan Malaviya and his son Krishna Kant provided legal defence to the accused.
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Their efforts in the Allahabad High Court helped reduce many death sentences and saved numerous people from execution.
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Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
| Option | Why Incorrect |
|---|---|
| C. R. Das | He was a prominent nationalist leader and lawyer but did not defend the Chauri Chaura accused. |
| Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Khwaja Hasan Nizami | They were associated with the Khilafat and nationalist movements, not the Chauri Chaura trial. |
| M. A. Jinnah | He was not involved in providing legal defence in this case. |
📝 Short Notes: Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
What Happened?
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On 4 February 1922, protesters clashed with police at Chauri Chaura Incident in present-day Uttar Pradesh.
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An angry mob set a police station on fire, resulting in the death of 22 policemen.
Impact
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The incident convinced Mahatma Gandhi that the movement was turning violent.
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As a result, Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922.
Important Fact
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Initially, 172 persons were sentenced to death by the Sessions Court. After the appeal argued by Madan Mohan Malaviya and Krishna Kant, the number of death sentences was drastically reduced.
Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:
I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth
II. Observance of strict non-violence
III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public
IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes
How many of the above were parts of Non-Cooperation Programme?
Detailed Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Programme (1920) aimed to weaken British rule through boycott, non-violence, and self-reliance.
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Statement I is Correct: Boycott of law courts and foreign cloth was an important part of the programme.
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Statement II is Correct: Strict non-violence was the foundation of the movement.
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Statement III is Incorrect: People were asked to surrender British titles and honours, not retain them.
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Statement IV is Correct: Panchayats were encouraged to settle disputes outside British courts.
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Therefore, Statements I, II and IV are correct, making Option C the correct answer.
📝 Short Notes: Non-Cooperation Programme (1920)
Main Objectives
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Achieve Swaraj through peaceful and non-violent means.
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Withdraw cooperation from British institutions.
Major Components
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Boycott of schools, colleges, courts, and elections.
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Boycott of foreign cloth and promotion of Khadi.
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Surrender of titles and honours.
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Establishment of national educational institutions and Panchayats.
Important Fact
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The movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi and became the first mass movement of the Indian freedom struggle.
Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
- The Congress declared the attainment of 'Swaraj' by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective.
- It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if 'Swaraj' did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
Statement 1 is Correct: At the Nagpur Session (1920), the Indian National Congress adopted 'Swaraj' through legitimate and peaceful means as its objective.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Non-Cooperation Movement was planned in phases. If Swaraj was not achieved and the government became repressive, the movement could advance to civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes.
Therefore, both statements are correct.
📝 Short Notes: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?
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Launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 against British rule.
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It combined the issues of Khilafat Movement and Punjab atrocities (Jallianwala Bagh) with the demand for Swaraj.
Major Programmes
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Boycott of government schools, colleges, courts, and elections.
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Surrender of titles and honours.
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Boycott of foreign goods and promotion of Swadeshi.
Why was it withdrawn?
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Withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura Incident, where a violent clash led to the death of policemen.
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