Consider the following organizations/bodies in India:
- The National Commission for Backward Classes
- The National Human Rights Commission
- The National Law Commission
- The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
How many of the above are constitutional bodies?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 1 — Only one
Among the four bodies mentioned, only the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is a constitutional body, having been granted constitutional status through the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018, which inserted Article 338B into the Constitution. The remaining three bodies—NHRC, National Law Commission, and NCDRC—are either statutory or executive bodies.
✅ National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) – Constitutional Body: Established under Article 338B by the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018.
❌ National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) – Not Constitutional: It is a statutory body created under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
❌ National Law Commission – Not Constitutional: It is an executive body formed by a Government of India executive order, not by statute or constitutional provision.
❌ National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) – Not Constitutional: It is a statutory body established under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (now governed by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019).
📝 Short Notes: Constitutional vs Statutory vs Executive Bodies
| Body/Commission | Status | Legal Basis | Key Provision |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Commission for SCs | Constitutional | Article 338 | Safeguards for Scheduled Castes |
| National Commission for STs | Constitutional | Article 338A | Safeguards for Scheduled Tribes |
| National Commission for Backward Classes | Constitutional | Article 338B | 102nd Amendment Act, 2018 |
| National Human Rights Commission | Statutory | Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 | Human rights protection |
| National Law Commission | Executive | Government Executive Order | Law reforms and recommendations |
| National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission | Statutory | Consumer Protection Act, 2019 | Consumer grievance redressal |
| Finance Commission | Constitutional | Article 280 | Distribution of revenues between Centre and States |
| Election Commission | Constitutional | Article 324 | Conduct of free and fair elections |
Question 4 of 6 Statutory Bodies
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