UPSC CSE Prelims
Anti-Caste and Depressed Class Movements Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
Practice solved questions for Anti-Caste and Depressed Class Movements with detailed step-by-step solutions, key insights, and trend analysis for UPSC CSE PRELIMS.
Solved Previous Year Questions
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Consider the following pairs:
| Movement/Organization | Leader |
|---|---|
| 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League | Mahatma Gandhi |
| 2. All India Kisan Sabha | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
| 3. Self-Respect Movement | E.V. Ramaswami Naicker |
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 4 — 1, 2 and 3
All three pairs are correctly matched, linking important social and agrarian movements of colonial India with their respective leaders.
✅ Pair 1 – Correct: The All India Anti-Untouchability League was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 and later renamed as Harijan Sewak Sangh to work for the upliftment of Dalits.
✅ Pair 2 – Correct: The All India Kisan Sabha was founded by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati at the Lucknow session in 1936 to organize peasants and address agrarian issues.
✅ Pair 3 – Correct: The Self-Respect Movement was founded by E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) in 1925 in Tamil Nadu as an anti-caste, anti-Brahmanical social reform movement.
📝 Short Notes: Social and Agrarian Movements in Colonial India
| Movement/Organization | Year | Leader | Key Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| All India Anti-Untouchability League (Harijan Sewak Sangh) | 1932 | Mahatma Gandhi | Eradication of untouchability and upliftment of Dalits |
| All India Kisan Sabha | 1936 | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati | Organization of peasants, agrarian reforms, land rights |
| Self-Respect Movement | 1925 | E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar) | Anti-caste, anti-Brahminism, rationalism, social equality |
| All India Depressed Classes Association | 1920s | Dr. B.R. Ambedkar | Rights and representation of depressed classes |
| Satya Shodhak Samaj | 1873 | Jyotirao Phule | Social equality, education for lower castes |
Satya Shodhak Samaj organized -
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Truth Seekers) was founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, Maharashtra, on 24 September 1873. Its primary objective was to liberate the lower castes—Shudras, Dalits, and women—from Brahmanical domination and social exploitation. Phule challenged the caste system through his writings, notably 'Gulamgiri' (Slavery), and established institutions for the education of women and depressed classes. His wife Savitribai Phule led the women's section of the Samaj. The movement was distinctly an anti-caste reform initiative in Maharashtra, not related to tribal upliftment in Bihar, temple-entry in Gujarat, or peasant movements in Punjab.
During the Indian freedom struggle, the National Social Conference was formed. What was the reason for its formation?
Detailed Explanation:
National Social Conference was founded in 1887 by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao because the Indian National Congress decided to focus on political issues and not include social reforms in its deliberations.
The Conference met annually as a subsidiary convention of INC at the same venue, advocated inter-caste marriages, and opposed kulinism and polygamy.
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