Which one of the following is a work attributed to playwright Bhasa?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — Madhyama-vyayoga
Madhyama-vyayoga is a famous Sanskrit play attributed to Bhasa, one of ancient India's most celebrated playwrights who predated Kalidasa. The play, meaning 'The Middle One', is part of a trilogy based on the Mahabharata and showcases Bhasa's characteristic dramatic intensity and emotional depth.
Let's examine why the other options are incorrect:
❌ Option 1 – Kavyalankara: This is a treatise on Sanskrit poetics (alamkara shastra) composed by the scholar Bhamaha, not Bhasa.
❌ Option 2 – Natyashastra: This foundational text on Indian dramaturgy, dance, and performing arts is attributed to the sage Bharata Muni, not Bhasa.
❌ Option 4 – Mahabhashya: This is the great commentary on Panini's Ashtadhyayi grammar, composed by the grammarian Patanjali, not a dramatic work by Bhasa.
📝 Short Notes: Bhasa and Classical Sanskrit Drama
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Bhasa's Period | 3rd-4th century CE (possibly earlier); predated Kalidasa |
| Major Works | 13 plays attributed to him including Svapnavasavadatta, Pratijnayaugandharayana, Pancharatra, Madhyama-vyayoga, Dutavakya, Karnabhara, Urubhanga |
| Themes | Mostly based on Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Buddhist stories; known for emotional intensity and heroic characters |
| Style | Simple yet powerful dialogue; expert use of prakrit languages; focus on action and sentiment (rasa) |
| Madhyama-vyayoga | Part of a trilogy depicting events from Mahabharata; centers on Bhima as the 'middle' Pandava brother |
| Discovery | Bhasa's plays were rediscovered in early 20th century by Pandit Ganapati Shastri in Kerala |
Question 1 of 2 Classical Sanskrit Theatre
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