UPSC CSE Prelims
Surat Split (1907) Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
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What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 2 — Extremists' lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government
The Surat Split of 1907 occurred due to fundamental ideological differences between Moderates and Extremists. The Extremists (Tilak, Lal-Bal-Pal) rejected the Moderates' methods of petitions and constitutional agitation, believing they were ineffective in achieving Swaraj, especially after the 1905 Partition of Bengal failed to be reversed through moderate tactics.
The immediate trigger was the disagreement over Congress presidency — Extremists proposed Lala Lajpat Rai while Moderates insisted on Rash Behari Ghosh — leading to a complete organizational split at the Surat session.
Which one of the following movements have contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’?
Detailed Explanation:
The Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) led to the ideological split in the Indian National Congress between Moderates (Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee) who favored constitutional methods and Extremists (Lal-Bal-Pal trio - Tilak, Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal) who advocated aggressive nationalism.
This split culminated in the Surat Session of 1907, where the Congress formally divided over differences in ideology and methodology. The other movements occurred after this split had already taken place.
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Related Topics in Modern History
Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
Moderate Leaders and Methods
Formation of INC (1885)
Extremist Leaders and Methods
Partition of Bengal (1905)
Congress Sessions and Resolutions
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