Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — Kanganahalli

Kanganahalli, an archaeological site near Sannati in Karnataka, is renowned for containing the first and only known stone portrait of Emperor Ashoka with his name inscribed. A relief sculpture at this site depicts a royal figure with attendants and bears a Brahmi inscription reading 'Ranyo Ashoka' (King Ashoka), making it a unique archaeological discovery that provides visual representation of the emperor.

Why other options are incorrect:
• Sanchi: Famous for the Great Stupa commissioned by Ashoka, but contains no inscribed stone portrait of the emperor.
• Shahbazgarhi: Site of Ashokan Rock Edicts in Kharosthi script promoting Dhamma, but lacks any portrait sculpture.
• Sohgaura: Known for a Mauryan-period copper-plate inscription about famine relief, not a relief sculpture of Ashoka.

📝 Short Notes: Kanganahalli and Ashokan Iconography

• Location: Kanganahalli is located near Sannati in Chitapur taluk, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka.
• Unique Feature: Contains the only known stone portrait of Emperor Ashoka with his name inscribed as 'Ranyo Ashoka' in Brahmi script.
• Historical Significance: Before this discovery, Ashoka was never depicted in sculpture with his name; Buddhist art traditionally avoided portraying the Buddha and key figures directly.
• Other Sculptures: The site also contains relief sculptures depicting Jataka tales, scenes from Buddha's life, and the Mahastupa at Sanchi.
• Period: The stupa and sculptures date to the 1st-3rd centuries CE, though the site was originally established during Ashoka's reign (3rd century BCE).
• Archaeological Discovery: Excavations revealed limestone slabs with inscriptions and sculptural panels, providing valuable insights into early Buddhist art and Mauryan history.