UPSC CSE Prelims
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
Practice solved questions for Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with detailed step-by-step solutions, key insights, and trend analysis for UPSC CSE PRELIMS.
Solved Previous Year Questions
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Consider the following statements :
- In India, the Biodiversity Management committees are key to the realization of the objectives of Nagoya Protocol.
- The Biodiversity Management committees have important functions in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — Both 1 and 2
Both statements correctly describe the role and powers of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in India under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, which implements the Nagoya Protocol objectives at the local level.
✅ Statement 1 – Correct: BMCs are indeed key institutional mechanisms for realizing Nagoya Protocol objectives in India by ensuring local-level implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provisions and involving local communities in biodiversity governance.
✅ Statement 2 – Correct: BMCs have statutory powers to determine access to biological resources within their jurisdiction and levy collection fees on such access, as mandated under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Biological Diversity Rules, 2004.
📝 Short Notes: Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) and Nagoya Protocol
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Nagoya Protocol | International agreement (2010) under CBD for fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources; India is a signatory |
| BMCs - Legal Basis | Constituted under Section 41 of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 at local body level (Panchayat/Municipality) |
| BMCs - Composition | Chairperson and 6 members nominated by local body, with expertise in conservation and sustainable use |
| Key Functions | • Document local biodiversity (People's Biodiversity Registers) • Regulate access to biological resources • Levy collection fees • Promote conservation and sustainable use |
| ABS Mechanism | Three-tier structure: National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) → State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) → BMCs at grassroots |
| Powers of BMCs | Restrict destructive practices, levy charges, recommend benefit-sharing arrangements, maintain biodiversity registers |
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