Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 2 — 2 only

This question tests knowledge about the chronology and characteristics of ancient Indian literary sources. Statement 1 is incorrect because Upanishads do contain parables and allegories to convey philosophical concepts. Statement 2 is correct as Upanishads (800-500 BCE) were indeed composed much earlier than the Puranas (3rd century CE onwards).

❌ Statement 1 – Incorrect: Upanishads contain numerous parables and allegories, such as the story of Satyakama Jabala in Chandogya Upanishad and the parable of two birds in Mundaka Upanishad, used to explain complex philosophical ideas.

✅ Statement 2 – Correct: Upanishads, forming the Vedanta (end of Vedas), were composed between 800-500 BCE, while Puranas are a later genre of texts composed from around the 3rd century CE onwards, making Upanishads considerably older.

📝 Short Notes: Upanishads and Puranas

• Upanishads are also called Vedanta (Veda + anta = end) as they represent the culmination of Vedic thought and form the philosophical foundation of Hinduism.
• Major Upanishads include: Isha, Kena, Katha, Prashna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brihadaranyaka.
• Puranas popularized religious ideas among common people through stories and myths, playing a crucial role in the spread of Bhakti movement.
• Major Puranas include: Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Shiva Purana, Markandeya Purana, Matsya Purana.