Detailed Explanation:

The Portuguese played an important role in introducing several New World crops and fruits to India during the 16th and 17th centuries.

• I. Papaya ✅ – Native to Central America; introduced by the Portuguese.

• II. Pineapple ✅ – Native to South America; brought to India by the Portuguese.

• III. Guava ✅ – Native to Central America; introduced by the Portuguese.

• Therefore, all three fruits were introduced into India by the Portuguese, making Option C the correct answer.\

📝 Short Notes: Portuguese Contributions to Indian Agriculture

Major Crops/Fruits Introduced by the Portuguese

• Papaya

• Pineapple

• Guava

• Cashew

• Tobacco

• Maize

• Tomato

• Potato

• Chilli

Why is it Important?

• These crops originated in the Americas and reached India through the Columbian Exchange.

• Many of them later became an integral part of Indian agriculture and cuisine.

Important Fact

• Among all introduced crops, chilli had the most significant impact on Indian food habits.