With reference to the history of India, Ulgulan or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 4 — Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899-1900
The term "Ulgulan" meaning "Great Tumult" specifically refers to the rebellion led by Birsa Munda during 1899-1900 among the Munda tribes of Chhotanagpur region. This uprising was directed against the British colonial administration and the exploitative jagirdari system that had destroyed the traditional common land holdings of the Mundas. Birsa Munda proclaimed "Abua Raj Seter Jana, Maharani Raj Tundu Jana" (Let the kingdom of the queen be ended and our kingdom be established), making it a movement for self-rule and restoration of tribal rights.
📝 Short Notes: Major Tribal Uprisings in India
| Uprising | Year | Leader | Region | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ulgulan (Great Tumult) | 1899-1900 | Birsa Munda | Chhotanagpur (Jharkhand) | Against British and jagirdari system; proclaimed Munda Raj |
| Santhal Rebellion | 1855-56 | Sidhu-Kanhu | Rajmahal Hills (Bihar-Bengal) | Against zamindars and moneylenders |
| Kol Uprising | 1831-32 | Buddho Bhagat | Chhotanagpur | Against transfer of land to outsiders |
| Khond Uprising | 1846-55 | Chakra Bisoi | Odisha hills | Against British suppression of human sacrifice and land alienation |
| Rampa Rebellion | 1922-24 | Alluri Sitarama Raju | Andhra Pradesh | Against forest laws and forced labor |
Question 2 of 2 Munda Rebellion
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