With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- IOD phenomenon is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
- An IOD phenomenon can influence El Nino’s impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 2 — 2 only
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a climate phenomenon characterized by sea surface temperature differences between the western and eastern tropical Indian Ocean, not involving the Pacific Ocean. An IOD event can significantly modulate El Niño's impact on the Indian monsoon—a positive IOD often offsets the deficit rainfall associated with El Niño, while a negative IOD can worsen drought conditions.
❌ Statement 1 – Incorrect: IOD is characterized by temperature differences between the tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Indian Ocean, not the Eastern Pacific Ocean (which relates to ENSO/El Niño).
✅ Statement 2 – Correct: IOD can indeed influence El Niño's impact on the monsoon by either compensating for or exacerbating El Niño-related rainfall anomalies.
Question 1 of 1 El-Nino, La-Nina and Indian Monsoon
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