Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 2 — Participation of workers in management of industries

Article 43A, which mandates participation of workers in the management of industries, was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. This provision was introduced to promote industrial democracy and ensure that workers have a meaningful role in decision-making within industrial establishments. The other options—equal pay for equal work (Article 39(d)), right to work and education (Article 41), and securing living wage (Article 43)—were all part of the original Constitution adopted in 1950.

Why other options are incorrect:
❌ Option 1 – Equal pay for equal work: This was already present in Article 39(d) of the original Constitution.
❌ Option 3 – Right to work, education and public assistance: This was included in Article 41 of the original Constitution.
❌ Option 4 – Securing living wage and human conditions: This was part of Article 43 in the original Constitution itself.