Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — Directive Principles of State Policy

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) declare the ideal of a Welfare State in the Indian Constitution. Article 38(1) mandates that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which social, economic, and political justice shall inform all institutions of national life. These principles guide the State in establishing policies aimed at socio-economic welfare, making them the constitutional foundation of the Welfare State concept.

📝 Short Notes: Welfare State and Constitutional Provisions

• Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): Non-justiciable guidelines for the State to establish a just society and welfare state
• Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people with justice (social, economic, political)
• Article 39: Directs the State to ensure adequate means of livelihood, equal pay for equal work, and prevent concentration of wealth
• Article 41: Right to work, education, and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement
• Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
• Article 43: Living wage and conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life
• Welfare State Concept: State actively intervenes to promote social and economic welfare of citizens, ensuring equitable distribution of resources and opportunities
• Contrast with Fundamental Rights: While Fundamental Rights are justiciable individual rights, DPSPs are programmatic goals for state policy to achieve welfare objectives