Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — It is the international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters.

The Polar Code is an international maritime regulation adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that establishes mandatory safety and environmental standards specifically for ships operating in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. It addresses the unique challenges of polar navigation including ship design, crew training, operational procedures, and pollution prevention measures.

✅ Option 1 – Correct: Accurately describes the Polar Code as an international safety code for ships in polar waters.

❌ Option 2 – Incorrect: The Polar Code is not about territorial demarcation; it is a maritime safety regulation applicable to ships.

❌ Option 3 – Incorrect: The code relates to commercial shipping safety, not research norms for scientists.

❌ Option 4 – Incorrect: It is not a trade and security agreement of the Arctic Council, but an IMO maritime safety regulation.

📝 Short Notes: Polar Code

• Full Name: International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters
• Adopted by: International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2014; entered into force on January 1, 2017
• Scope: Covers both Arctic and Antarctic waters, addressing risks present in polar environments
• Key Requirements: Ship design and construction standards, equipment requirements, crew training and certification, operational safety procedures, environmental protection measures
• Purpose: To ensure safe ship operation and protect the pristine polar environment from shipping-related pollution and accidents
• Coverage: Applies to new ships constructed after 2017 and existing ships engaged in polar voyages
• Environmental Focus: Restrictions on discharge of oil, chemicals, sewage, and garbage; prohibition on use and carriage of heavy fuel oil in Antarctic waters