Which of the following practices can help in water conservation in agriculture?
- Reduced or zero tillage of the land
- Applying gypsum before irrigating the field
- Allowing crop residue to remain in the field
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — 1 and 3 only
Water conservation in agriculture involves practices that reduce water loss through evaporation, improve soil water retention, and enhance infiltration. Reduced or zero tillage and leaving crop residue on fields are effective water conservation techniques, while gypsum application primarily improves soil structure rather than directly conserving water.
✅ Statement 1 – Correct: Reduced or zero tillage minimizes soil disturbance, creating a more compact surface that reduces evaporation and allows better water infiltration and retention in the soil.
❌ Statement 2 – Incorrect: Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is a soil amendment that improves soil structure and reduces sodicity, but it does not directly contribute to water conservation; it may even increase leaching in some cases.
✅ Statement 3 – Correct: Crop residue left on the field acts as mulch, reducing soil evaporation, suppressing weeds, preventing erosion, and maintaining soil moisture for longer periods.
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