Which of the following adopted a law on data protection and privacy for its citizens known as ‘General Data Protection Regulation’ in April 2016 and started implementation of it from 25th May, 2018?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — The European Union
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was adopted by the European Union in April 2016 and implemented from 25th May 2018. It is a comprehensive legal framework designed to protect the personal data and privacy rights of EU citizens, setting stringent standards for data collection, processing, and storage that apply to any organization handling EU residents' data, regardless of geographic location.
📝 Short Notes: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- Adoption and Implementation: Adopted by the EU in April 2016; came into effect on 25th May 2018.
- Scope: Applies to all organizations processing personal data of EU/EEA residents, regardless of the organization's location.
- Key Principles: Lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity, and confidentiality.
- Individual Rights: Right to access, rectification, erasure (right to be forgotten), restriction of processing, data portability, and objection.
- Penalties: Organizations can face fines up to €20 million or 4% of annual global turnover, whichever is higher, for serious violations.
- Data Protection Officers: Certain organizations must appoint a DPO to oversee GDPR compliance.
- Impact on India: Indian companies handling EU citizens' data must comply with GDPR; influenced India's Personal Data Protection Bill discussions.
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