Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — Jawaharlal Nehru

The Ninth Schedule was introduced through the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, during the prime ministership of Jawaharlal Nehru. This amendment was enacted to protect land reform and other socio-economic legislation from judicial review on grounds of violating fundamental rights, particularly the right to property under Article 31. Prime Minister Nehru personally introduced this amendment bill in the Lok Sabha to safeguard progressive legislative measures aimed at social and economic transformation.

📝 Short Notes: Ninth Schedule

• Introduction: Added by the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 during Nehru's tenure as Prime Minister.
• Purpose: To protect laws placed in it from judicial review on grounds of violation of fundamental rights, especially Article 14, 19, and the erstwhile Article 31.
• Initial Focus: Primarily contained laws related to land reforms and abolition of zamindari system.
• Supreme Court Verdict (I.R. Coelho case, 2007): Laws in the Ninth Schedule can be subject to judicial review if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution, particularly after April 24, 1973.
• Current Status: Contains over 280 Acts and Regulations protecting various state and central laws.
• Key Legislation Protected: Land ceiling acts, abolition of intermediaries, reservation laws, and other socio-economic reform measures.