UPSC CSE Prelims
Pollution Control Technologies Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Detailed Explanation:

Correct Answer: ✅ Option 3 (I, II and III)

Direct Air Capture (DAC) is an emerging technology that removes carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly from the atmosphere. The captured CO₂ can either be permanently stored underground (carbon sequestration) or utilized in various industrial applications, making it an important tool in climate change mitigation.

✅ Statement I is Correct: DAC can capture atmospheric CO₂ and store it permanently underground, helping in carbon sequestration.

✅ Statement II is Correct: Captured CO₂ can be used in the production of plastics, chemicals, beverages, and food processing industries.

✅ Statement III is Correct: In aviation, captured CO₂ can be combined with green hydrogen to produce synthetic low-carbon aviation fuels (e-fuels).

Short Notes: Direct Air Capture (DAC)

• DAC removes CO₂ directly from ambient air.

• It is considered a Negative Emission Technology (NET).

• Captured CO₂ can be stored underground or utilized industrially.

• DAC supports carbon sequestration and climate mitigation efforts.

• CO₂ from DAC can be used to manufacture plastics, chemicals, and synthetic fuels.

• Synthetic aviation fuels are produced by combining captured CO₂ with green hydrogen.

• Major challenges include high energy requirements and operational costs.