UPSC CSE Prelims
Invasive species & their impact Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 2 — It tends to reduce the biodiversity in the area in which it grows.

Prosopis juliflora, commonly known as mesquite, is frequently mentioned in news due to its invasive nature and negative impact on native ecosystems. Originally introduced for afforestation and erosion control, it rapidly spreads and forms dense thickets that outcompete native vegetation, thereby reducing biodiversity. Its aggressive growth pattern disrupts ecological balance and has led to efforts in states like Tamil Nadu to remove it and restore native habitats.

📝 Short Notes: Prosopis juliflora (Mesquite)

• Origin: Native to Central and South America; introduced to Africa, Asia, and Australia for afforestation, erosion control, and fuelwood.
• Common names: Mesquite, Thorn Mimosa, Vilayati Babul, Seemai Karuvelam (Tamil Nadu).
• Invasive characteristics: Rapid growth rate, drought tolerance, prolific seed production, and deep root system allowing survival in harsh conditions.
• Ecological impact: Forms dense thickets that prevent growth of native plants; reduces biodiversity; depletes soil moisture and nutrients; alters habitat structure.
• Current status in India: Declared invasive species in several states; particularly problematic in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Rajasthan; removal and restoration programs underway.
• Uses: Despite invasive nature, used for fuelwood, charcoal, fodder (pods), and timber; pods contain high protein content.