In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosols into the stratosphere?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 4 — Reducing global warming
Both cirrus cloud thinning and stratospheric sulphate aerosol injection are proposed geoengineering techniques aimed at mitigating climate change. Cirrus clouds trap infrared radiation similar to greenhouse gases; thinning them would reduce heat retention. Sulphate aerosols in the stratosphere reflect incoming solar radiation back into space, thereby cooling the planet.
📝 Short Notes: Geoengineering Techniques for Climate Mitigation
| Technique | Mechanism | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Cirrus Cloud Thinning | Thinning high-altitude cirrus clouds reduces their ability to trap outgoing infrared radiation | Reduce atmospheric heat retention and global warming |
| Stratospheric Aerosol Injection | Injecting reflective sulphate aerosol particles into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight back into space | Reduce incoming solar radiation and cool the planet |
| Marine Cloud Brightening | Spraying seawater into low-lying clouds to increase their reflectivity | Increase albedo effect and reflect more sunlight |
| Ocean Iron Fertilization | Adding iron to oceans to stimulate phytoplankton growth for CO₂ absorption | Enhance carbon sequestration |
- Solar Radiation Management (SRM): Techniques like aerosol injection and cloud modification aim to reflect sunlight and reduce heat absorption.
- Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR): Techniques focus on removing CO₂ from the atmosphere through biological or chemical means.
- Concerns: Geoengineering techniques have potential side effects including disruption of precipitation patterns, ozone depletion, and unknown long-term consequences.
- Governance: International frameworks and ethical considerations are essential before large-scale deployment of geoengineering solutions.
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