In the context of any country, which one of the following would be considered as part of its social capitals?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 4 — The level of mutual trust and harmony in the society
Social capital refers to the networks, norms, and trust that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives. It is an intangible asset that measures the quality of social relationships, mutual trust, and cooperation within a community or society.
❌ Option 1 – Incorrect: The proportion of literates represents human capital (individual skills and knowledge), not social capital which focuses on collective relationships and trust.
❌ Option 2 – Incorrect: The stock of buildings, infrastructure, and machines constitutes physical capital, which refers to tangible assets used in production.
❌ Option 3 – Incorrect: The size of the working-age population is a demographic indicator and represents potential human capital, but does not reflect social connections or trust.
✅ Option 4 – Correct: The level of mutual trust and harmony directly captures the essence of social capital, which emphasizes the quality of social bonds, civic engagement, and cooperative relationships in society.
📝 Short Notes: Forms of Capital
| Type of Capital | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Capital | Tangible assets used in production | Buildings, machinery, infrastructure, tools |
| Human Capital | Skills, knowledge, and capabilities of individuals | Education level, literacy, training, health |
| Social Capital | Networks, trust, and norms enabling collective action | Mutual trust, community harmony, civic participation, social networks |
| Natural Capital | Natural resources and ecosystem services | Forests, minerals, water, air quality |
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