In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 3 — The e-Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2011
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) was first introduced as a key feature in India through the e-Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2011. Under EPR, producers of electrical and electronic equipment are made responsible for the collection, channelization, and proper disposal of e-waste generated from their products after end-of-life. This principle was later extended to other waste management rules including the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, but the e-Waste Rules of 2011 marked its first significant introduction in Indian environmental legislation.
📝 Short Notes: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in India
| Rules/Regulations | Year | EPR Provision |
|---|---|---|
| Bio-medical Waste Management and Handling Rules | 1998 | No EPR provision; focused on healthcare facility responsibilities |
| e-Waste Management and Handling Rules | 2011 | First introduction of EPR - Producers responsible for collection and channelization of e-waste |
| Plastic Waste Management Rules | 2016 | EPR extended to plastic waste - Producers, importers, brand owners accountable |
| e-Waste Management Rules (Revised) | 2016 | Strengthened EPR with collection targets and penalties |
| Battery Waste Management Rules | 2022 | EPR provisions for battery producers |
- EPR Concept: Makes producers responsible for the entire lifecycle of their products, especially post-consumer waste management
- Objectives: Reduce environmental burden, promote circular economy, ensure proper waste disposal and recycling
- Implementation: Producers must establish collection mechanisms, collaborate with authorized recyclers, and meet specified collection targets
- Recent Developments: EPR certificates tradable on centralized portal; Digital tracking of waste collection
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