UPSC CSE Prelims
Energy Resources Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 3 — 3 only

This question tests knowledge about mining regulations and mineral distribution in India. Among the three statements, only Statement 3 about Rajasthan having iron ore mines is correct.

❌ Statement 1 – Incorrect: State Governments have the power to auction non-coal mines under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015.

❌ Statement 2 – Incorrect: Both Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur district) and Jharkhand (several districts) have gold deposits and active mining operations.

✅ Statement 3 – Correct: Rajasthan has significant iron ore reserves, particularly in districts like Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jhunjhunu.

📝 Short Notes: Mineral Distribution in India

• Iron Ore: Major states include Odisha (largest producer), Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan. Rajasthan has deposits in Jaipur, Udaipur, Dausa, and Jhunjhunu districts.
• Gold: Found in Karnataka (Kolar Gold Fields, Hutti), Andhra Pradesh (Anantapur), Jharkhand (Singhbhum), Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. Kolar Gold Fields were once among the deepest mines in the world.
• Mining Regulation: The MMDR Amendment Act 2015 empowered state governments to conduct auctions for mining leases of non-coal minerals through competitive bidding, replacing the earlier discretionary allocation system.
• Constitutional Provisions: Minerals are covered under Entry 23 of State List (Concurrent List after amendments), while regulation of mines and mineral development falls under Union List Entry 54.
• Major Mineral Producing States: Jharkhand (coal, iron ore, copper, mica), Odisha (iron ore, bauxite, chromite), Chhattisgarh (coal, iron ore, bauxite), Karnataka (iron ore, gold, manganese), Rajasthan (zinc, lead, marble, granite, sandstone, iron ore).