Detailed Explanation:

Correct Answer: ✅ Option 1

The Sahel region of Africa has witnessed increasing instability due to terrorism, ethnic conflicts, weak governance, and repeated military coups. In recent years, countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad have experienced military takeovers, which have further weakened democratic institutions and worsened the security situation.

✅ Statement-I is Correct: The Sahel region is facing severe instability, terrorism, armed conflicts, and humanitarian crises.

✅ Statement-II is Correct: Several Sahel countries have witnessed military coups in the recent past.

✅ Statement-II explains Statement-I: Frequent coups disrupt governance, weaken state institutions, and aggravate security challenges, leading to greater instability.

Short Notes: Sahel Region

• The Sahel is a semi-arid belt located between the Sahara Desert and the savanna region of Africa.

• It stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east.

• Major Sahel countries include Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Sudan.

• The region faces threats from terrorist groups such as ISIS affiliates and Al-Qaeda-linked organizations.

• Several military coups occurred in Mali (2020, 2021), Burkina Faso (2022), and Niger (2023).

• Climate change, desertification, and food insecurity worsen regional instability.

• The G5 Sahel was formed to enhance regional security cooperation.

• The Sahel is frequently in news due to security, migration, and humanitarian concerns.