Detailed Explanation:

Correct Answer: ✅ Option 3 — Statements 2 and 3 only

The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 (106th Constitutional Amendment Act) provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. However, the reservation will come into force only after a fresh census and subsequent delimitation exercise, not from the 18th Lok Sabha.

❌ Statement 1 is Incorrect: The reservation does not take effect from the 18th Lok Sabha. It will be implemented only after the first Census conducted after the Act and the subsequent delimitation process.

✅ Statement 2 is Correct: The reservation is provided for 15 years from the date of commencement of the Act, though Parliament may extend it through legislation.

✅ Statement 3 is Correct: The Act provides reservation for SC women and ST women within the seats already reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Short Notes: Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023

• Enacted through the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023.

• Provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

• Includes reservation for SC/ST women within the existing SC/ST quota.

• Reservation will be implemented after the next Census and delimitation exercise.

• New Article 334A was inserted in the Constitution.

• Reservation will remain in force for 15 years, unless extended by Parliament.

• Does not provide reservation in the Rajya Sabha or State Legislative Councils.

• Aims to increase women's participation in legislative decision-making.