Consider the following statements:
- India has more arable area than China.
- The proportion of irrigated area is more in India as compared to China.
- The average productivity per hectare in Indian agriculture is higher than that in China.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 1 — Only one
Among the three statements about agricultural characteristics of India and China, only Statement 1 is correct. India indeed has more arable land than China (approximately 157 million hectares vs. 119 million hectares). However, China has both a higher proportion of irrigated land and higher agricultural productivity per hectare compared to India.
✅ Statement 1 – Correct: India has more arable area (157 million hectares) than China (119 million hectares) according to FAO data.
❌ Statement 2 – Incorrect: China has a higher proportion of irrigated land compared to India due to extensive irrigation infrastructure and projects implemented over decades.
❌ Statement 3 – Incorrect: China's average agricultural productivity per hectare is significantly higher than India's due to better technology adoption, modern farming practices, superior infrastructure, and effective agricultural policies.
📝 Short Notes: India vs China - Agricultural Comparison
| Parameter | India | China |
|---|---|---|
| Arable Land Area | ~157 million hectares (More) | ~119 million hectares |
| Proportion of Irrigated Land | ~48-50% of arable land | ~65-70% of arable land (Higher) |
| Agricultural Productivity | Lower per hectare yield | Higher per hectare yield |
| Key Factors | Traditional practices, fragmented holdings, limited mechanization | Modern technology, better infrastructure, intensive farming |
| Cereal Yield (approx.) | ~3,000 kg/hectare | ~6,000 kg/hectare |
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