Consider the following information :
| Region | Name of the mountain range | Type of mountain |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Central Asia | Vosges | Fold mountain |
| 2. Europe | Alps | Block mountain |
| 3. North America | Appalachians | Fold mountain |
| 4. South America | Andes | Fold mountain |
In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?
Detailed Explanation:
Answer: Option 2 — Only two
This question tests the correct matching of mountain ranges with their regions and types. Out of the four given rows, only two contain completely accurate information regarding the region, name, and type of mountain range.
❌ Row 1 – Incorrect: The Vosges are located in Europe (eastern France), not Central Asia, and they are block mountains, not fold mountains.
❌ Row 2 – Incorrect: The Alps are correctly placed in Europe, but they are fold mountains formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian plates, not block mountains.
✅ Row 3 – Correct: The Appalachian Mountains are located in North America and are old fold mountains formed during the Paleozoic era.
✅ Row 4 – Correct: The Andes are located in South America and are young fold mountains formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate.
📝 Short Notes: Mountain Types and Formation
| Mountain Type | Formation Process | Examples | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fold Mountains | Formed by tectonic plate collision causing compression and folding of rock layers | Himalayas, Alps, Andes, Appalachians, Rockies | Often the highest peaks; associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity (young folds) |
| Block Mountains | Formed by faulting and vertical displacement of crustal blocks | Vosges, Black Forest, Sierra Nevada, Vindhyas | Steep on one side (fault scarp) and gentle on the other; formed by tension forces |
| Volcanic Mountains | Formed by accumulation of volcanic material | Mt. Fuji, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Vesuvius | Conical shape; active, dormant, or extinct volcanoes |
| Residual/Relict Mountains | Remnants of old mountains after prolonged erosion | Aravalli, Urals (partly) | Rounded peaks; highly weathered and eroded |
- Young Fold Mountains: Himalayas, Alps, Andes, Rockies — formed during the Tertiary period (66-2.6 million years ago); characterized by high peaks, sharp ridges, and active tectonic activity.
- Old Fold Mountains: Appalachians, Urals, Aravallis — formed during Paleozoic or earlier eras; extensively eroded with rounded peaks and lower elevations.
- Vosges and Black Forest: Classic examples of block mountains in Europe, formed by the same faulting process that created the Rhine Rift Valley between them.
- Plate Tectonics and Mountains: Most major mountain ranges are associated with convergent plate boundaries (fold mountains) or divergent boundaries with rifting (block mountains).
Question 2 of 2 Major Mountains
Practice PYQ questions from this topic across all years
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