UPSC CSE Prelims
Computers and Digital Systems Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 3 — Both 1 and 2

The availability of open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for Aadhaar enables developers and organizations to integrate Aadhaar-based authentication and verification services into various electronic devices and applications. This architectural design allows for seamless integration across platforms and supports multiple authentication methods including biometric verification.

✅ Statement 1 – Correct: Open APIs allow Aadhaar to be integrated into any electronic device such as smartphones, tablets, Point of Sale (PoS) terminals, and other digital platforms, enabling developers to build Aadhaar-enabled applications.
✅ Statement 2 – Correct: Aadhaar's biometric authentication system supports online authentication using iris scans (along with fingerprints and facial recognition), making secure identity verification possible through the available APIs.

📝 Short Notes: Aadhaar and APIs

• Aadhaar: A 12-digit unique identity number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to all Indian residents based on biometric and demographic data.
• Open APIs: Application Programming Interfaces that allow third-party developers to integrate Aadhaar services into their applications and devices without requiring proprietary access.
• Authentication Methods: Aadhaar supports multiple authentication modes including demographic (name, age, address), One-Time Password (OTP), and biometric (fingerprint, iris, facial recognition).
• e-KYC Services: Aadhaar APIs enable electronic Know Your Customer (e-KYC) services for instant verification in banking, telecom, and other sectors.
• Integration Capabilities: APIs facilitate integration across diverse platforms including mobile apps, web portals, ATMs, PoS devices, and IoT-enabled devices.
• Security Features: All API transactions are encrypted and follow strict security protocols to protect user privacy and prevent unauthorized access.

Detailed Explanation:

✅ Statement 1 – Correct: Iris scanning captures unique patterns in the colored ring around the pupil, which remain stable throughout life and are highly distinctive for each individual.
✅ Statement 2 – Correct: Retinal scanning maps the unique pattern of blood vessels at the back of the eye, providing one of the most accurate biometric identification methods.
✅ Statement 3 – Correct: Voice recognition analyzes unique vocal characteristics including pitch, tone, cadence, and physical features of the vocal tract for identification.