Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — Ant

Certain ant species, particularly leaf-cutter ants and others in the tribe Attini, are well-known for cultivating fungi. These ants practice sophisticated agriculture by cutting plant material, using it as substrate to grow specific fungus species in underground gardens, which then serve as their primary food source. This remarkable mutualistic relationship represents one of the most advanced examples of non-human agriculture in nature.

Why other options are incorrect:
• Cockroaches are omnivorous scavengers that do not cultivate fungi
• Crabs are aquatic scavengers or predators without fungal cultivation behavior
• Spiders are predators that capture prey and do not engage in fungal farming

📝 Short Notes: Fungus-Growing Ants

• Primary Species: Leaf-cutter ants (Atta and Acromyrmex genera) and fungus-growing ants (Tribe Attini) cultivate fungi as their primary food source
• Agricultural Process: Worker ants cut fresh plant material, chew it into a pulp, and use it as substrate for fungal cultivation in specialized underground chambers
• Fungal Species: They cultivate specific fungi from the family Lepiotaceae, which cannot survive outside the ant colonies
• Mutualistic Symbiosis: The ants provide the fungus with nutrients and protection, while the fungus provides specialized structures (gongylidia) as food for the ants
• Antibiotic Production: Some fungus-growing ants harbor bacteria (Actinomycetes) on their bodies that produce antibiotics to protect their fungal gardens from parasitic fungi
• Evolutionary Significance: This ant-fungus mutualism evolved approximately 50-60 million years ago and represents convergent evolution with human agriculture