Detailed Explanation:

Answer: Option 1 — Collecting DNA samples from air in a habitat at one go

Aerial metagenomics is a cutting-edge technique that involves collecting environmental DNA (e-DNA) directly from the air using specialized filters or vacuum systems. Organisms constantly shed genetic material into their surroundings through breath, skin cells, fur, pollen, spores, and other biological particles, which can be captured from air samples. This method allows researchers to simultaneously identify and monitor multiple species—including animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms—in a specific habitat without physical intrusion, making it a powerful non-invasive tool for biodiversity assessment.

📝 Short Notes: Metagenomics & Environmental DNA

• Metagenomics: The study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples (soil, water, air) without isolating individual organisms in laboratory cultures.
• Environmental DNA (e-DNA): Genetic material shed by organisms into their environment through skin cells, mucus, feces, gametes, and other biological materials.
• Aerial Metagenomics: Specifically focuses on capturing DNA from airborne particles using air filtration systems to assess biodiversity in a habitat.
• Applications: Non-invasive biodiversity monitoring, detecting rare or elusive species, tracking disease vectors, and studying ecosystem health.
• Advantages: Simultaneous detection of multiple taxa, no need for visual observation or physical capture, time and cost-efficient for large-scale surveys.