Who among the following opposed the power of the Khalifa?
Detailed Explanation:
Multiple Delhi Sultans challenged the Khalifa's political authority while acknowledging his symbolic religious status. Alauddin Khalji declared his power derived from military strength, not the Caliph's sanction. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq ruled independently despite nominal allegiance. Balban emphasized his own sovereignty. Iltutmish accepted the Caliph's investiture but exercised complete temporal control.
Each sultan maintained the fiction of religious acknowledgment to legitimize rule among Muslim nobility, yet none allowed the Caliph any real interference in governance or policy.
Therefore, more than one sultan opposed the Khalifa's political power, making Option 5 the correct answer.
Question 3 of 3 Administration under Sultanate
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During the Delhi Sultanate, the designation 'Muqaddam or Chaudhari' was used for
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