Detailed Explanation:

The question asks about the country that launched the Arktika-M satellite to monitor the Arctic climate. This is a current affairs question related to space technology and environmental monitoring.

• China: While China has an active space program and Arctic interests, it did not launch the Arktika-M satellite.
• Russia: In February 2021, Russia launched Arktika-M aboard a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome to monitor the Arctic's climate and environment, using a highly elliptical orbit for continuous observation of northern latitudes.
• India: India's space missions focus on different areas; it has not launched Arctic monitoring satellites.
• Japan: Japan has earth observation satellites but did not launch Arktika-M.
• Therefore, Russia launched the Arktika-M satellite to monitor Arctic climate, making Option 2 the correct answer.