BPSC CCE Prelims
Digestive System Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Detailed Explanation:

The liver stores several vitamins essential for bodily functions.

Vitamin A is stored in large quantities (up to 2 years' supply) for vision, immunity, and cell growth.

Vitamin D is stored as calcifediol, regulating calcium absorption and bone health.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is the only water-soluble vitamin significantly stored by the liver (up to 3–5 years' supply), supporting red blood cell formation and nerve function.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is retained in smaller amounts for short-term use in collagen synthesis and immune function.

Thus, the liver stores vitamins A, B (especially B12), C, and D.

Detailed Explanation:

Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

It is released into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) through the common bile duct, where bile salts emulsify fats for digestion.

Detailed Explanation:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by parietal cells in the gastric glands of the stomach.

It activates pepsinogen to pepsin for protein digestion, kills ingested bacteria, and maintains a pH of 1.5–3.5 in the stomach.

Detailed Explanation:

Carbohydrates are broken down during digestion into their simplest absorbable form, glucose, which is a monosaccharide. All complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides like starch) and disaccharides (like maltose, sucrose) are ultimately degraded to glucose for cellular absorption and energy production.

Glycerol is derived from lipid metabolism, maltose is a disaccharide that further splits into two glucose molecules, and amino acids are the end products of protein digestion.

Therefore, glucose is the ultimate degradation product of carbohydrates, making Option 2 the correct answer.